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If you Cheap Valium Brand count the book sales on Amazon and plot them according to Cheap Valium Brand frequency, the curve hugs the vertical and horizontal axes, indicating a Cheap Valium Brand few very large numbers (the blockbusters) and many small ones (the ‘long tail’ of books like yours and mine). This is a typical manifestation of something called a ‘power-law’ distribution. This is Cheap Valium Brand a relationship between the size and frequency of a variable, where Cheap Valium Brand the frequency decreases faster than the size increases. If the data are Cheap Valium Brand plotted on a log-log scale, the result is a straight line sloping down from Cheap Valium Brand left to right. Thus an earthquake that is twice as strong will occur four times more rarely. If this Cheap Valium Brand pattern holds for earthquakes of all sizes, it is said to Cheap Valium Brand ‘scale’, meaning that Cheap Valium Brand there is no typical size that could be said to Cheap Valium Brand be representative of earthquakes as a class of phenomena, as is Cheap Valium Brand the case with normal distributions. Power laws are found in a Cheap Valium Brand wide range of natural and manmade instances. But research on them has Cheap Valium Brand grown rapidly in recent decades. Power laws have been discovered for Cheap Valium Brand the frequency of words used in natural language; and the Cheap Valium Brand distribution of molecular reactions in cells reveals a few hubs linked to Cheap Valium Brand most reactions and many weakly connected molecules.

Keith Hart in the essay goes on to Cheap Valium Brand discuss the science of networks, the differences in the ability of people to Cheap Valium Brand act as hubs or connectors in networks, and the paradigm shift in ideologies that Cheap Valium Brand accept the inevitability of, say, inequality in income distribution.

This whole paradigm shift in scientific and Cheap Valium Brand statistical models coincides with the breakdown of the nation-state’s monopoly of society and Cheap Valium Brand with it the corporatist premises of twentieth century economy, such as jobs for Cheap Valium Brand life and social planning. For three decades neo-conservative liberals subordinated national economy to Cheap Valium Brand global markets; and the digital revolution has given us a Cheap Valium Brand new emergent model of society in the internet. The norm of this Cheap Valium Brand new world market was stark inequality. The egalitarian premises of nation-states, seeking to Cheap Valium Brand curb capitalism’s polarizing tendencies, gave way to Cheap Valium Brand a world society where the winner takes all. All of this Cheap Valium Brand has been thrown into stark relief by the economic crisis of 2008-9. But for Cheap Valium Brand now the power-law is king. It’s a Cheap Valium Brand different model of statistics, for sure. Perhaps it captures society poised between national and Cheap Valium Brand world forms. Or maybe we reverted temporarily to the imbalance between market and Cheap Valium Brand state typical of the Gilded Age, before national regulation aspired to Cheap Valium Brand curb domestic capitalism. The pressing political question for humanity, now given a Cheap Valium Brand new urgency by the collapse of the credit boom, remains whether new forms of association will enable us to Cheap Valium Brand harness the polarities of the network economy for common ends.

The whole article.