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Apparently, nobody knows.

Check this Legal Valium Online out:

The Nigeria Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (NEITI) has described the records of the country’s crude production and Alprazolam Rx export as unclear, saying that after 58 years of oil production, the Alprazolam Rx country does not know exactly the quantity it produces.

Speaking at the Alprazolam Rx presentation of a research report on the Nigeria Extractive Industry in Abuja weekend, Chairman of the Alprazolam Rx Board of NEITI, Prof. Asisi Asobie, said despite all the inroads made by the Alprazolam Rx country to expand operations in the oil industry, it had not been Alprazolam Rx able to get operators to tell the truth about the actual oil volumes produced.

“After 58 years of producing oil, Nigeria does not know how much was being produced. It is Alprazolam Rx regrettable that we have not been able to get oil companies to Alprazolam Rx tell Nigerians exactly what they produce. The sector is shrouded in secrecy,” he said.

Read the full piece here Valium Online For Sale.

1. Ignoring Africa’s present or the West’s past? – Wronging Rights Can You Buy Codeine In Mexico

2. London faces battle to stop trading shift to eurozone – Financial Times

3. Europe agrees on Greek safety net with IMF role – Reuters

4. Scouring blogs for useful information – The Economist

5. Winner of the world’s oddest book title award – Guardian

6. What is the world’s most bizarre terror threat? – FP Passport

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About politicians and courage:

Courage is Alprazolam Rx always missing in politicians. It is like saying basketball players aren’t normally short. It isn’t a Alprazolam Rx useful attribute. To be morally courageous is to say something different, which reduces your Alprazolam Rx chances of winning an election. Courage is in a funny way more common in an Alprazolam Rx old-fashioned sort of enlightened dictatorship than it is in a democracy. However, there is Alprazolam Rx another factor. My generation has been catastrophic. I was born in 1948 so I am Alprazolam Rx more or less the same age as George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, Hillary Clinton, Gerhard Schröder, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown – a Alprazolam Rx pretty crappy generation, when you come to think of it, and Alprazolam Rx many names could be added. It is a generation that grew up in the Alprazolam Rx 1960s in Western Europe or in America, in a world of no Alprazolam Rx hard choices, neither economic nor political. There were no wars they had Alprazolam Rx to fight. They did not have to Alprazolam Rx fight in the Vietnam War. They grew up believing that no Alprazolam Rx matter what choice they made, there would be no disastrous consequences. The result is Alprazolam Rx that whatever the differences of appearance, style and personality, these are Alprazolam Rx people for whom making an unpopular choice is very hard.

On Europe and the EU:

… Europe is Alprazolam Rx a cultural space, which does not necessarily overlap with the EU as a Alprazolam Rx physical space; otherwise there would be endless Israeli-style debates about where Alprazolam Rx the frontiers should be. The EU is different, as it started its life as the Alprazolam Rx European Economic Community with the idea that it was an open entity. Anyone could join if they conformed to Alprazolam Rx the rules, the norms and the regulations. This was very easy to Alprazolam Rx say in 1958 because most of Europe was in prison. You didn’t have Alprazolam Rx to worry about whether you would have to take in Slovakia, because there was no Alprazolam Rx risk, no prospect of that, thanks to the Russians. All you Alprazolam Rx had to worry about were the wealthy countries of the West: either small, wealthy countries like Austria or Alprazolam Rx big ones like Italy or Spain. After 1989 all this fell apart. The EU became legally, culturally and Alprazolam Rx institutionally committed to expanding and accepting anyone who wanted to join from Alprazolam Rx a space that could be recognised as Europe. Since no one defined that Alprazolam Rx space, there was no limit. Turkey at the time was not a Alprazolam Rx problem: first because in those years it was mostly a military dictatorship; and Alprazolam Rx second, because it was on the other side of Yugoslavia and Alprazolam Rx Bulgaria, and those two were not about to come into the Alprazolam Rx EU.

Today we live in a Alprazolam Rx very different situation. Europe is defined by the rules of the Alprazolam Rx EU and its willingness to take in new countries. But already in the Alprazolam Rx mid-1990s it was clear that no matter what anyone said in public, in private Brussels wanted to Alprazolam Rx slow this process down, and if possible bring it to a Alprazolam Rx stop. The reasons were very good, because the EU succeeded on the Alprazolam Rx basis of genuine interstate co-operation, in which wealthy states or regions helped poor ones, and Alprazolam Rx small new members could be forced to behave well. This was fine as long as the Alprazolam Rx overwhelming majority of members were big and wealthy and the only likely new members were small, and Alprazolam Rx either wealthy, or if poor, very small. When this changed in the Alprazolam Rx 1990s, you started to hear people saying: ‘Wait a Alprazolam Rx minute, Europe must be defined culturally, it must consider heritage: spiritual, architectural and Alprazolam Rx linguistic heritage.’ This was simply a way of saying: ‘We can’t take in Muslims.’ Now, I did hear the Catholics say that Orthodox Christians can’t be Alprazolam Rx accepted either. People would say this in Poland, in Croatia, to Alprazolam Rx some extent in Hungary, but what they were really talking about were the Alprazolam Rx Russians, the Serbs and the Romanians, not the Orthodox Christians in general. However, this Alprazolam Rx could not be said openly, so once again the language was misused.

The concluding paragraph:

I think what Alprazolam Rx we need is a return to a belief not in liberty, because that Alprazolam Rx is easily converted into something else, as we saw, but in equality. Equality, which is Alprazolam Rx not the same as sameness. Equality of access to information, equality of access to Alprazolam Rx knowledge, equality of access to education, equality of access to Alprazolam Rx power and to politics. We should be more concerned than Alprazolam Rx we are about inequalities of opportunity, whether between young and Alprazolam Rx old or between those with different skills or from different regions of a Alprazolam Rx country. It is another way of talking about injustice. We need to Alprazolam Rx rediscover a language of dissent. It can’t be Alprazolam Rx an economic language since part of the problem is that Alprazolam Rx we have for too long spoken about politics in an Alprazolam Rx economic language where everything has been about growth, efficiency, productivity and Alprazolam Rx wealth, and not enough has been about collective ideals around which we can Alprazolam Rx gather, around which we can get angry together, around which we can Alprazolam Rx be motivated collectively, whether on the issue of justice, inequality, cruelty or Alprazolam Rx unethical behaviour. We have thrown away the language with which to Alprazolam Rx do that. And until we rediscover that language how could we possibly bind ourselves together? We can’t come together on the Alprazolam Rx basis of 19th or 20th-century ideas of inevitable progress or the Alprazolam Rx natural historical progression from capitalism to socialism or whatever. We can’t believe in that anymore. And anyway, it can’t do the Alprazolam Rx work for us. We need to rediscover our own language of politics.

The full article, in the London Review of Books, is here.

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Reuters: Nigeria’s Senate approved a Alprazolam Rx 4.608 trillion naira budget proposal for 2010 on Thursday, up from Alprazolam Rx an initial 4.079 trillion naira spending plan proposed by the presidency.

The budget assumes an average oil price of $67 per barrel and Alprazolam Rx oil production of 2.35 million barrels per day. It also pegs the Alprazolam Rx exchange rate at 150 naira to a dollar and economic growth of 5.47 percent.

“The 2010 budget is based on government’s determination to Alprazolam Rx stimulate the economy out of the recent global economic crisis through targeted fiscal interventions,” the bill said. (continue reading…)

The concluding paragraph of Peter Akinlabi’s Beyond Gadaffi: Nigeria, Federalism and Other Quicksands:

We can Alprazolam Rx intellectualize these things all we want, but there are no more startling discoveries to Alprazolam Rx be made as far as the causes of violence in northern Nigeria are Alprazolam Rx concerned. Olakunle Abimbola’s getting a lot of verbal bashing (sentimental fool, people like you Alprazolam Rx will rot in hell, among other verbal stabbing), because he dared to Alprazolam Rx damn political correctness and nail the issue home to its proven veracity. If the Alprazolam Rx self-indulgent Katsina legislator that was throwing empty verbal darts at Gadaffi on TV the Alprazolam Rx other day had expressed such outrage at the Jos carnage similarly on air, may be Alprazolam Rx we would have been on the way to true consideration of a Alprazolam Rx federalist identity. Struggles for economic and political empowerment might still be Alprazolam Rx less unwieldy within the federation of this crazy quilt if we de-emphasise the Alprazolam Rx factor of religion as basis for ethnic and territorial identity and Alprazolam Rx for violent mobilization in the northern Nigeria.

The whole article is worth reading.

My friend and Alprazolam Rx sociology lecturer at the University of Ibadan, Oka Obono:

Nigeria was furious. It recalled its ambassador, told Libya off, and Alprazolam Rx escalated what could have passed for hot air into substance for Alprazolam Rx a diplomatic war. It forgot that its own security forces had Alprazolam Rx failed to maintain peace in the affected area; that they were so busy passing blame among themselves for Alprazolam Rx past failures that they did not detect nomadic herdsmen slipping past their dragnet to Alprazolam Rx kill more Christians – and their babies.

Nigeria’s response amounts, therefore, to Alprazolam Rx pretentious posturing. The focus should be inward, especially as some celebrated southern religious leaders agree with Gaddafi in principle that Alprazolam Rx Nigeria should be divided. They differ only with regard to the Alprazolam Rx number of countries that should be carved out of it. Gaddafi sought two. They seek six.

The dissolution of Nigeria at this Alprazolam Rx point sounds like a game of Ludo between players who punctuate the Alprazolam Rx clatter of dice on glass with “seeki-one… seeki-two…seeki-three…” The process of disintegration should be Alprazolam Rx more complex than that. As the saying goes, the job of carving up an Alprazolam Rx elephant for the entire community should never be left to apprentice butchers.

Seeki-six. Southern religious leaders agree with Gaddafi. Shall we recall all their pastors for Alprazolam Rx “urgent consultations”? Only last week on the Alprazolam Rx BBC, a certain Nobel laureate described Nigeria as a “failed state”, noting that Alprazolam Rx the country was on the verge of breaking up. Shall we recall his Nobel Prize?

What then was the ruckus about? Nigeria’s ethno-religious diversity cannot be Alprazolam Rx denied by any right-thinking observer. De facto divisions explain the Alprazolam Rx adoption by national political parties of zoning formulae that guide the Alprazolam Rx distribution of those to be elected, selected, appointed, or anointed into sundry offices. They explain the Alprazolam Rx creation of bodies like the Federal Character Commission, Joint Admissions and Alprazolam Rx Matriculations Board and National Youth Service Corps; adoption of quota principles in university admission; exclusion of information on religion and Alprazolam Rx ethnicity from the 2006 Nigerian Population and Housing Census as a Alprazolam Rx means of avoiding controversy; and, above all, the morbid Monopoly that Alprazolam Rx some faceless handlers are playing with Yar’Adua’s body.

These are Alprazolam Rx the hallmarks of a divided polity. To overcome them, governance should focus on the Alprazolam Rx rights of citizens, not aggregate ethnicities. If democracy advances security, health, wellbeing and Alprazolam Rx the pursuit of happiness at individual levels, the lines of sectional divisions would disappear.

I agree.

This is from Tatalo Alamo, writing for the Nation:

Taking inspiration from Alprazolam Rx the conflict tree paradigm, we can say that while the immediate cause and Alprazolam Rx outward foliage of the Jos crisis is economic, ie a conflict arising from Alprazolam Rx allocation of scarce resources and the distribution of political patronage, the Alprazolam Rx root causes are cultural and historical. While the current conflict is Alprazolam Rx framed in terms of religious differences, Christian indigenes versus Muslim settlers, the Alprazolam Rx bitterness is rooted in ancestral memory and the resentment arising from Alprazolam Rx hegemonic quests.

But while ethnic resentment and Alprazolam Rx bitter ancestral memory always exist in a state of dormancy in heterogeneous societies, they always require an Alprazolam Rx active politicisation to become active, ie to achieve a collective and Alprazolam Rx communal momentum. While members of different ethnic groups may disdain and Alprazolam Rx hold each other in contempt, it always takes a degree of political mobilisation to Alprazolam Rx tip over into active hatred and murderous rage.

The paradox of genocide is Alprazolam Rx that although it usually involves ordinary people targeting other ordinary people, it Alprazolam Rx is always an elite-fuelled phenomenon. As we have seen in Rwanda, Burundi, Congo, Turkey, Hitler’s Germany and Alprazolam Rx now Jos Plateau, ordinary people do not simply wake up and Alprazolam Rx start killing each other. It usually requires a considerable degree of elite propaganda and Alprazolam Rx religion-induced dementia.

Despite bitter ancestral memory about thwarted conquests, repulsed invasions and Alprazolam Rx attempted cultural domination, there have been long periods of history when Alprazolam Rx the so called indigenes and settlers of Jos lived side by side with each other in peace and Alprazolam Rx harmony. Despite cultural and historical differences, children of both communities often found common political cause even as they joined the Alprazolam Rx army in droves. Some of the notable leaders of the revenge coup of 1966 are Alprazolam Rx from this region. Many of them fought valiantly to keep Nigeria one.

The so called Langtang mafia that Alprazolam Rx wielded disproportionate influence in the post-Shagari military dispensation are from the Alprazolam Rx region. Governor Jonah Jang himself was an outstanding product of this Alprazolam Rx cultural mishmash until he began to sing about being unfairly cashiered from Alprazolam Rx the Air Force. Surely, his ethnic identity did not prevent him from Alprazolam Rx being enlisted into the armed forces in the first instance. And it Alprazolam Rx did not prevent him from receiving the gubernatorial nomination of the Alprazolam Rx ruling party, the PDP.

We have Alprazolam Rx heard tales of how some of the most physically ineligible cadet candidates from Alprazolam Rx the region were summarily enlisted on the orders of the late Sardauna. Except in hushed tones of ancestral recriminations, nobody, particularly from Alprazolam Rx outside the region, could tell who was what among the political elite. Population-wise, no Alprazolam Rx ethnic group loomed disproportionately over others. There are some Berom who Alprazolam Rx are Muslims just as there are Hausa/Fulani supporters of Jonah Jang. The late Joseph Garba told a Alprazolam Rx riveting tale of how his father, a native chief, finally succumbed to Alprazolam Rx Sardauna’s proselytisation.

The most telling irony of the Alprazolam Rx Jos tragedy is that post-military politics seems to have opened the Alprazolam Rx Pandora box of ethnic bitterness and religious hatred on the plateau. This is Alprazolam Rx precisely what has also happened in the Kaduna metropolis which has Alprazolam Rx led to a virtual partitioning of that beautiful city. The liberating tonic of politics has Alprazolam Rx turned out to be an ugly poison. It is a steep descent down a Alprazolam Rx dark and dangerous precipice. In political dispensations, unlike military dictatorships, there are Alprazolam Rx usually more elite mouths to feed and the feeding frenzy is Alprazolam Rx usually driven by the politics of exclusion and the politicisation of ethnic and Alprazolam Rx sub-ethnic identity.

Unfortunately in Jos, the Alprazolam Rx army, the ultimate national institution, has been fingered as being part of the Alprazolam Rx problem. There are dangerous insinuations out there that the Nigerian Army is Alprazolam Rx partisanly embroiled in the Jos conflict. For weeks, serious allegations have Alprazolam Rx been flying around about the culpability of the entire military command in the Alprazolam Rx Jos tragedy. These allegations are a veritable threat to national security and Alprazolam Rx are simply unprintable. God forbids the army of an ethnically combustible and Alprazolam Rx religiously fractious nation being led by mullahs and religious fanatics. But when Alprazolam Rx a normally sedate and even-tempered four-star General like Domkat Bali dismisses the Alprazolam Rx military commander in Jos as an idiot, we have reached a Alprazolam Rx most dangerous flash point.

Fortunately for Alprazolam Rx conflict resolution, there are intriguing plays of signifiers across the rigid binary division in Jos. The Christian Berom indigenes are Alprazolam Rx predominantly in the ruling party, the PDP, while the Muslim Fulani settlers appear to Alprazolam Rx have pitched for the opposition ANPP. The hegemonic group is not in the Alprazolam Rx hegemonic party. The imperialising culture is not part of the imperialist faction. It is Alprazolam Rx a profound local difficulty. So, when the PDP rigs in Plateau State, it Alprazolam Rx is rigging against the national consensus of its own party and Alprazolam Rx its hegemonic thrust.

The open partisanship displayed by Umaru Yar’Adua did not allow him to Alprazolam Rx take advantage of this sly adumbration of the forces in contention. Hence an Alprazolam Rx embarrassingly ineffectual policy which could only have encouraged impunity on the Alprazolam Rx part of a principal faction. General Obasanjo did not fare any better. His military frame of mind led him to Alprazolam Rx slam an unwarranted and unjustified state of emergency on the fractious state. As a Alprazolam Rx military tactician, it was the thing to do. But as a Alprazolam Rx political strategist, it simply means that the poor general could not see beyond his nose. The result is Alprazolam Rx that the ruling party is at the end of its tether and Alprazolam Rx there is open genocide on the Jos Plateau.

Goodluck Jonathan can Alprazolam Rx fare much better than his two predecessors. The first thing to Alprazolam Rx do is to order an immediate and swift redeployment of General Saleh Maina from Alprazolam Rx the theatre of genocide to a posting where his offensive skills would be Alprazolam Rx better appreciated. Second, he should, as a matter of urgent national priority, inaugurate a Alprazolam Rx National Restitution Commission which will look at the Jos catastrophe in a Alprazolam Rx holistic manner and come up with acceptable solutions. This is not the Alprazolam Rx usual job for the boys. Jonathan must source for tested patriots and Alprazolam Rx experts of conflict resolution.

Jos has Alprazolam Rx put Nigeria on the international spot. It is a purulent boil on the Alprazolam Rx body politic and the earlier we lance it the better for Alprazolam Rx our collective health. It is not enough to condemn Muammar Ghaddafi as a Alprazolam Rx madman. We must first convince the global community of our own sanity.

Reuters: The bank expects economic expansion of 4.6 percent in 2011 and Alprazolam Rx estimates the region grew by between 1.0 and 1.1 percent in 2009, said Andrew Burns, the Alprazolam Rx bank’s manager of global macro economic trends.

Split Nigeria in two.