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I just learnt of an association called Berliner Unterwelten (Berlin Underworlds, in English), through the New York Times In Transit blog.

Founded in 1997, Underworlds is Order Ambien Cod Delivery a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the documentation and preservation of Berlin’s vast network of subterranean spaces. It funds its projects by giving tours of bunkers, sewers, air raid shelters and Order Ambien Cod Delivery catacombs. The tours are offered in a variety of languages, including English.

From the website Berliner Unterwelten:

Experience the history of Berlin from an unconventional perspective! Since 1997, the Order Ambien Cod Delivery Berlin Underworlds Association has been offering regular tours into some of the Order Ambien Cod Delivery most important underground structures in the city. Although the majority of our tours are Order Ambien Cod Delivery in or near the Gesundbrunnen station in the north of Berlin, we also offer tours in several other subterranean complexes that Order Ambien Cod Delivery are otherwise not publicly accessible.

I am thinking of adding a tour to my to-do list for 2010.

I am just about to finish reading anthropologist Karen Ho‘s Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street. She carried out seventeen months of fieldwork on Wall Street, interviewing and Order Ambien Cod Delivery observing investment bankers. Actually, she started out as a rookie analyst working in management consulting in a Order Ambien Cod Delivery hybrid investment and commercial bank. She had the intention of doing some pre-fieldwork study before going back to Order Ambien Cod Delivery graduate school to write a dissertation on Wall Street culture. She got laid off after six months into her job. The experience of being laid off became one of the Order Ambien Cod Delivery central things she studied during her fieldwork.

The book is Order Ambien Cod Delivery not so much an indictment of Wall Street as it is Order Ambien Cod Delivery a presentation of the way the Street understands its place in the Order Ambien Cod Delivery scheme of things. She highlights the self-understanding of investment bankers as ‘being’ the Order Ambien Cod Delivery market, an understanding that goes as far as to justify, on the Order Ambien Cod Delivery one hand, receiving insanely huge bonuses, and on the other, being very liquid individuals themselves. The rate of staff turnover on Wall Street is Order Ambien Cod Delivery extremely high.

Perhaps the Order Ambien Cod Delivery point that I found most instructive is the way Wall Street has Order Ambien Cod Delivery changed corporate American culture in the past 25 years. Corporations, which were seen as part of the Order Ambien Cod Delivery welfare capitalism of the post 2nd World War era gradually lost their status as social institutions. Shareholder value has Order Ambien Cod Delivery become naturalised as the sole reason for the existence of corporations, and Order Ambien Cod Delivery anything that can improve shareholder value, no matter how short that Order Ambien Cod Delivery increase in value lasts, is encouraged. This sometimes includes hostile takeover, and Order Ambien Cod Delivery almost always demands massive job cuts and downsizing. Once corporations are Order Ambien Cod Delivery no longer seen as social institutions that provide jobs and care for Order Ambien Cod Delivery customers, those are rather easy things to do. Perhaps inconvenient, but easy.

The emphasis on shareholder value has Order Ambien Cod Delivery led to short-term thinking and has often robbed corporations of the Order Ambien Cod Delivery ability to make long-term plans. If a group of investors buy up a Order Ambien Cod Delivery company by leveraging that same company on the junk bonds market, with the plan to cut spendings on R&D and cut jobs in order to ‘improve’ the Order Ambien Cod Delivery shareholder value of the company before selling it off, how would they make long-term plans for Order Ambien Cod Delivery such company? This could happen to corporations that are healthy, all things – including stock price – considered.

This leads me to Order Ambien Cod Delivery thinking about what is currently happening in the Nigerian banking industry. I blogged about it when Order Ambien Cod Delivery five banks were taken over by the Nigerian Central Bank. Shortly after, that Order Ambien Cod Delivery the Central Bank published a list debtors of the banks. In all that, what Order Ambien Cod Delivery was not mentioned was the corporate practices of those banks during the Order Ambien Cod Delivery Nigerian stock market bubble. Actually, the Order Ambien Cod Delivery practices of the banks was what created the bubble. Increasing their own shareholder value became the Order Ambien Cod Delivery main job of the banks. Of course, in a weird way, this Order Ambien Cod Delivery is understandable. Wall Street could claim to work on increasing shareholder value of corporate America; in Nigeria, the Order Ambien Cod Delivery banking industry is corporate Nigeria.

It is Order Ambien Cod Delivery not by chance that it was after the bubble burst that Order Ambien Cod Delivery the Central Bank took over the banks. Before then, the profits banks were declaring were highly manipulated figures that Order Ambien Cod Delivery bore no relationship to the actual condition of the banks. Now, they have Order Ambien Cod Delivery to find a way of reconciling their balance sheet, somehow. I was in Nigeria a Order Ambien Cod Delivery couple of weeks ago, and the cry was, and still is, that Order Ambien Cod Delivery banks are laying off staff in droves and closing up branches.

It is Order Ambien Cod Delivery perhaps obvious from this post that a lot of things are Order Ambien Cod Delivery still not clear, at least to me. Newspaper commentaries I have Order Ambien Cod Delivery been reading since the banking crisis started have not helped me much. This is Order Ambien Cod Delivery probably due to the fact that we are always too quick to Order Ambien Cod Delivery resort to simplistic explanations – one of which was the publication of the list of debtors – that we (the public, and even journalists) stop asking questions that Order Ambien Cod Delivery might lead to a better understanding of what happened. As if the Order Ambien Cod Delivery only reason the banks are in trouble is because they gave out too much in loans.

I am Order Ambien Cod Delivery now thinking that it might be a nice idea to do an Order Ambien Cod Delivery ethnographic study of the Nigerian financial sector when I am done with my second-hand clothing dissertation.One of the Order Ambien Cod Delivery biggest strengths of anthropology is the fact that anthropologists ask basic and Order Ambien Cod Delivery simple questions, questions whose answers are sometimes assumed, until they are Order Ambien Cod Delivery asked. Wouldn’t it Order Ambien Cod Delivery be interesting to turn that kind of attitude towards the Nigerian banking industry?

You can listen to Karen Ho on Laurie Taylor’s Thinking Allowed programme on the BBC.

In the BusinessDay of December 29, 2009 Valium Generic Walgreens

There is Order Ambien Cod Delivery a thing about being so close to something that one does not see it Order Ambien Cod Delivery anymore. Anthropologists normally refer to it as going native. You have Order Ambien Cod Delivery gone native when you no longer see the obvious things anymore, when Order Ambien Cod Delivery the things that an outsider notices stares you in the Order Ambien Cod Delivery face but you are no longer able to see them. This is Order Ambien Cod Delivery usually because you have developed a blind spot for them, and Order Ambien Cod Delivery they have become normal, almost natural.

There is Order Ambien Cod Delivery also the other kind of blind spot, the kind that Order Ambien Cod Delivery comes from being native. Anthropologists know about that too very well. Since we study people, we know that Order Ambien Cod Delivery studying people of ones kind comes with the added requirement of being able to Order Ambien Cod Delivery stand back and look critically in order to see things that Order Ambien Cod Delivery would be obvious to foreigners, but that are not obvious to Order Ambien Cod Delivery the native.

This is Order Ambien Cod Delivery because we anthropologist normally study the everyday mundane things; we try to Order Ambien Cod Delivery understand how people live their lives, how people make sense of things, understand, interact and Order Ambien Cod Delivery deal with day to day issues. Sometimes something impressive and unusual happens; most times they don’t.

Unlike history, anthropology favours the Order Ambien Cod Delivery everyday. History, on the other hand, is not very kind to Order Ambien Cod Delivery the ordinary. Journalism too. News is a break from the Order Ambien Cod Delivery ordinariness of the day, that is why no news is Order Ambien Cod Delivery good news. It normally means that the day has been, well, normal. Of course, one can Order Ambien Cod Delivery debate what normal means.

These things came to Order Ambien Cod Delivery my mind after reading an Amnesty International report on police brutality in Nigeria. They report on the Order Ambien Cod Delivery frequency of extra-judicial killings, on torture, on the refusal of counsel to Order Ambien Cod Delivery detainees, and on the refusal to allow those who have been Order Ambien Cod Delivery injured during torture access to doctors.

To underscore this, let me give an Order Ambien Cod Delivery instance. When I was a teenager, I was at a hospital when Order Ambien Cod Delivery a police pick-up van drove up, legs sticking out of the Order Ambien Cod Delivery back of the van. They brought the naked, dead bodies of six persons to Order Ambien Cod Delivery the hospital morgue. I remember wondering whether those people might have Order Ambien Cod Delivery left home that morning not realising that they would turn up as bodies at the Order Ambien Cod Delivery back of a police van. I don’t remember thinking about how they died and Order Ambien Cod Delivery questions around justice or the use or abuse of police powers. These are Order Ambien Cod Delivery the issues raised in the report.

The Amnesty report gives detailed examples of people who Order Ambien Cod Delivery have left home to be shot down by the police in the Order Ambien Cod Delivery course of the day. To be fair, one has to acknowledge the Order Ambien Cod Delivery fact that the police is massively underfunded and probably underpaid. It has Order Ambien Cod Delivery almost become normal for the police to never come, or, like the Order Ambien Cod Delivery lines of a Tracy Chapman song, to always come late, if they come at all.

And those who Order Ambien Cod Delivery look like they might have some better training are busy guarding ‘important dignitaries’ (read those who are rich enough) and Order Ambien Cod Delivery foreigners. I recently read about a foreigner who complains about being followed around by her MOPOL escort. Her employer does not allow her to Order Ambien Cod Delivery leave the Island area without a team of MOPOL escorts. Of course she cannot refuse them, otherwise the Order Ambien Cod Delivery company would not let her stay in the country. The interesting thing is Order Ambien Cod Delivery that the sight of guarded foreigners actually promotes the impression that Order Ambien Cod Delivery ones life is in mortal danger unless one is being guarded.

We have Order Ambien Cod Delivery become blind to a lot of these things because we are Order Ambien Cod Delivery used to them, because they have become part of us. We have Order Ambien Cod Delivery become used to our commuter bus drivers handing out that note to Order Ambien Cod Delivery the policeman at the roadblock, to reading in the newspaper about a Order Ambien Cod Delivery number of extra-judicial killings by the police, to hearing about ‘accidental discharge’. We are Order Ambien Cod Delivery also used to the sound of a certain kind of hoot in heavy traffic, a Order Ambien Cod Delivery hoot that signifies that an important dignitary is being ferried across in an Order Ambien Cod Delivery important car, escorted by a van-full of MOPOL. Of course, the Order Ambien Cod Delivery main reason the person is important is either because they are Order Ambien Cod Delivery a foreigner, or because they are rich enough to afford a Order Ambien Cod Delivery van-full of MOPOL escorts. We are so used to these things that Order Ambien Cod Delivery we have become numb to them.

We must begin to Order Ambien Cod Delivery rouse ourselves out of this complacency and ask questions. Are bribes openly given to Order Ambien Cod Delivery or extorted by the police and extra-judiciary killings normal in a Order Ambien Cod Delivery democracy? What is the government doing about them? Will any political party make them campaign issues in 2011?

An interesting list from Der Spiegel.

Niall Ferguson, in Financial Times, ascribes the Order Ambien Cod Delivery rise of the West in the past 500 years to Order Ambien Cod Delivery “six killer apps”:

the Order Ambien Cod Delivery capitalist enterprise, the scientific method, a legal and political system based on private property rights and Order Ambien Cod Delivery individual freedom, traditional imperialism, the consumer society and what Weber probably misnamed the Order Ambien Cod Delivery “Protestant” ethic of work and capital accumulation as ends in themselves.

And how is China faring?

Some of those things (numbers one and two) China has Order Ambien Cod Delivery clearly replicated. Others it may be in the process of adopting with some “Confucian” modifications (imperialism, consumption and the work ethic). Only number three – the Western way of law and politics – shows little sign of emerging in the Order Ambien Cod Delivery one-party state that is the People’s Republic.

But does China need dear old democracy to achieve enduring prosperity?

The full article.

• In mobile phone journalism, Africa is ahead of the west | Media | guardian.co.uk
  Headlines are Order Ambien Cod Delivery simply sent out as text messages, and texting is used to Order Ambien Cod Delivery report the news in as well. Although the mobile phone penetration is Order Ambien Cod Delivery far behind Europe or Asia, it is rapidly growing. In Africa, four in 10 people now have Order Ambien Cod Delivery a mobile phone.

  The mobile phone is Order Ambien Cod Delivery in some ways the PC of Africa, and creative ways of using it Order Ambien Cod Delivery are emerging.

From NYTimes: TRUNG SON, Vietnam — It seemed as if this Order Ambien Cod Delivery village in northern Vietnam had struck gold when a Chinese and Order Ambien Cod Delivery a Japanese company arrived to jointly build a coal-fired power plant. Thousands of jobs would start flowing in, or Order Ambien Cod Delivery so the residents hoped.

Four years later, the Order Ambien Cod Delivery Haiphong Thermal Power Plant is nearing completion. But only a few hundred Vietnamese ever got jobs. Most of the Order Ambien Cod Delivery workers were Chinese, about 1,500 at the peak. Hundreds of them are Order Ambien Cod Delivery still here, toiling by day on the dusty construction site and Order Ambien Cod Delivery cloistered at night in dingy dormitories.

“The Chinese workers overwhelm the Vietnamese workers here,” said Nguyen Thai Bang, 29, a Vietnamese electrician.

China, famous for Order Ambien Cod Delivery its export of cheap goods, is increasingly known for shipping out cheap labor. These global migrants often work in factories or Order Ambien Cod Delivery on Chinese-run construction and engineering projects, though the range of jobs is Order Ambien Cod Delivery astonishing: from planting flowers in the Netherlands to doing secretarial tasks in Singapore to Order Ambien Cod Delivery herding cows in Mongolia — even delivering newspapers in the Middle East.

But a Order Ambien Cod Delivery backlash against them has grown. Across Asia and Africa, episodes of protest and Order Ambien Cod Delivery violence against Chinese workers have flared. Vietnam and India are Order Ambien Cod Delivery among the nations that have moved to impose new labor rules for Order Ambien Cod Delivery foreign companies and restrict the number of Chinese workers allowed to Order Ambien Cod Delivery enter, straining relations with Beijing.

In Vietnam, dissidents and Order Ambien Cod Delivery intellectuals are using the issue of Chinese labor to challenge the Order Ambien Cod Delivery ruling Communist Party. A lawyer sued Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung over his approval of a Order Ambien Cod Delivery Chinese bauxite mining project, and the National Assembly is questioning top officials over Chinese contracts, unusual moves in this Order Ambien Cod Delivery authoritarian state.

Chinese workers continue to follow China’s state-owned construction companies as they win bids abroad to Order Ambien Cod Delivery build power plants, factories, railroads, highways, subway lines and stadiums. From January to Order Ambien Cod Delivery October 2009, Chinese companies completed $58 billion of projects, a Order Ambien Cod Delivery 33 percent increase over the same period in 2008, according to Order Ambien Cod Delivery the Chinese Ministry of Commerce.

From Angola to Order Ambien Cod Delivery Uzbekistan, Iran to Indonesia, some 740,000 Chinese workers were abroad at the Order Ambien Cod Delivery end of 2008, with 58 percent sent out last year alone, the Order Ambien Cod Delivery Commerce Ministry said. The number going abroad this year is on track to Order Ambien Cod Delivery roughly match that rate. The workers are hired in China, either directly by Chinese enterprises or Order Ambien Cod Delivery by Chinese labor agencies that place the workers; there are 500 operational licensed agencies and Order Ambien Cod Delivery many illegal ones. Continue reading.

• Camel caravans fading from salt trade as Timbuktu slowly modernizes – washingtonpost.com
• FT.com / China / Economy & Trade – China eyes industrial bases in Africa
• What is holding back African exports? | vox – Research-based policy analysis and commentary from leading economists Adipex With No Script

• Can the EU and NATO bring Russia in from the cold? | World | Deutsche Welle | 09.12.2009
• Nigeria: Hints of a new chapter | The Economist
• BBC News – Drug trafficking fuels Africa terrorism and crime: UN
• Challenging times lie ahead for the shipping industry
  and the global economy
• Op-Ed Columnist – Taxing the Speculators – NYTimes.com Order Xanax Doctor
• Drugs, Racism, and Capitalism
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• The Problem With Derivatives | Mother Jones Buy Lunesta Online Cheap

From the BBC: Nigerian police killing at will, says Amnesty Xanax And Anxiety Panic Disorders

Nigerian police are Order Ambien Cod Delivery carrying out a shocking level of extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances, Amnesty International says.

The rights group’s three-year inquiry details cases of prisoners tortured to Order Ambien Cod Delivery death and shootings at roadblocks.

Amnesty says the Order Ambien Cod Delivery police complain they are poorly trained and that criminals are often better armed than Order Ambien Cod Delivery they are.

On Tuesday, a Order Ambien Cod Delivery hospital in Enugu told the BBC it was overwhelmed by bodies being brought to Order Ambien Cod Delivery them by police.

The BBC visited the hospital’s morgue in the Order Ambien Cod Delivery south-eastern city and took photographs, showing piles young men, lying on top of one another and Order Ambien Cod Delivery strewn about on tables and floors.

It was established that Order Ambien Cod Delivery at least seven people were last seen alive in police custody, accused of kidnapping.

Enugu State police commissioner Mohamed Zarewa told the Order Ambien Cod Delivery BBC he was too busy to talk about their cases.

‘Brutalised’

“The Nigerian police are Order Ambien Cod Delivery responsible for hundreds of unlawful killings every year,” said Erwin van der Borght, director of Amnesty International’s Africa programme, said in a statement.

“The majority of the Order Ambien Cod Delivery cases go uninvestigated and the police officers responsible go unpunished.

“The families of the Order Ambien Cod Delivery victims usually get no justice or redress. Most never even find out what Order Ambien Cod Delivery happened to their loved ones.”

A corrupt police culture, little training or Order Ambien Cod Delivery competence with firearms, and the legacy of Nigeria’s military era are all contributing factors, the report says.

Nigerian human rights lawyer, Femi Falana, believes police officers are Order Ambien Cod Delivery being brutalised by their training regime.

“Police are Order Ambien Cod Delivery not trained to respect human beings. They are not taught about human rights of citizens and Order Ambien Cod Delivery other people in Nigeria,” he says.

“They are Order Ambien Cod Delivery not taught that they have a duty to prevent and Order Ambien Cod Delivery arrest criminality in the society.”

Justification

The Amnesty report’s authors are demanding an end to a culture of impunity.

They say police guidelines called Force Order 237 – allowing police to Order Ambien Cod Delivery fire on civilians fleeing arrest for serious crimes – must be changed.

Amnesty says the order justifies firing on anyone resisting arrest.

The BBC’s Caroline Duffield in Lagos says gauging the Order Ambien Cod Delivery scale of police violence is difficult – there is no proper data on civilians killed by police.

Two years ago the Order Ambien Cod Delivery authorities announced they had shot dead 785 armed robbers over a Order Ambien Cod Delivery 90-day period, she says.

Amnesty says about 110 police officers are Order Ambien Cod Delivery killed in shoot-outs with criminals every year.