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Comparative advantage for what ?

In an Buy Hydrocodone 2009 ideal world, with a cheap educated workforce and a better investment climate some places could become attractive for Buy Hydrocodone 2009 production. Think about a cluster of industries developing in the drc-zambia copperbelt if energy (easy) and transport (harder) becomes cheap.

Comparative Advantage may be Buy Hydrocodone 2009 a sort of irrelevant story.. I mean what makes Finland so competitive in engineering, telecommunications and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 electronics industries ? And why the hell are processors made in Costa Rica ?

Thanks RA…. I meant the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 competitiveness of a country, or region, in attracting FDI, for instance. One answer to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 the Finland story would be to say that it is one of the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 early starters(I would have to check and see that). I was thinking about reasons a Buy Hydrocodone 2009 person would want to site industries in African countries. The cases of India and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 China sound pretty straightforward, that was why I used them as an Buy Hydrocodone 2009 example…. And in the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 case of Costa Rica, proximity to the US gives producers easy access to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 the American market. And yes, I could think about a cluster of industries developing at the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 DRC-Zambia area, but my question is why would they develop there? Or better still why have they not developed there?

I think I get your point though… there are Buy Hydrocodone 2009 a whole lot of issues one needs to think about. One of them would be Buy Hydrocodone 2009 the impact of political stability and government policies. But then, I have Buy Hydrocodone 2009 a friend who always says that the most volatile area of the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 Nigerian economy is the part that gets the most FDI….

The Copperbelt already has cheap copper (and other minerals) on site. There is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 a huge hydroelectrical potential in the region so there is potential for Buy Hydrocodone 2009 cheap energy. From that you could imagine machinery and other related industries could devellop around.
why hasn’t it develloped ? well, first it’s transport costs, the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 ocean is not close and the quality of roads, railroads and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 political instability often causes transportation problems. then there’s of course the cheap educated labour issue and finally policies.
as far as volatile area getting FDI, well it’s simple, high risk can Buy Hydrocodone 2009 be balanced out by high returns on investment. so investments in oil or Buy Hydrocodone 2009 minerals even with the risk of nationalization more attractive than Buy Hydrocodone 2009 manufacturing.
and what eventually makes Africa attractive ? well, it’s underdevellopment of course. millions of square miles still waiting for Buy Hydrocodone 2009 modern farming.. millions of everything yet to be produced, consumed, sold, bought, used..

oh yeah also:
- i never really understand why we africans are Buy Hydrocodone 2009 looking at the indian and chinese models. i mean they’re both very special cases and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 no african country will ever become the new China or the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 new India. Malaysia, Korea, Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Singapore, european countries are Buy Hydrocodone 2009 all more relevant models.
- there is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 a little statistical detail often overlooked: in India growth accelerated 10 years before pro-FDI reforms were made. (http://endpovertyinsouthasia.worldbank.org/four-incovenient-truths-about-indias-economic-growth) I suspect the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 Green Revolution has something to do with it. In China too, growth accelerated with a Buy Hydrocodone 2009 reform in the agricultural sector before the FDI-driven agricultural sector kicked off.The same could be Buy Hydrocodone 2009 said for modern Brazil or the early 20th century Argentine miracle. That’s one of the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 reasons why I tend to think african growth will all start in agriculture too.

At the moment African countries have no comparative advantage. Zilch! However, this Buy Hydrocodone 2009 can be achieved by leaning from the two countries you Buy Hydrocodone 2009 listed – China and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 India. Looking at Nigeria for instance, the country has a lot of similarities with India.

What measures did India take in the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 last 15 to 30 years that have now pushed them to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 where they are today?

Education, with strong emphasis on technology, is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 one. While on a trip to New Delhi last year, I was surprised to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 see how packed their dailies are with ads on education – classes and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 classes on MCAT, Microsoft certification exams, GRE, GMAT, TOEFL, name it, you Buy Hydrocodone 2009 will find it in their newspapers.

India has Buy Hydrocodone 2009 also created a thriving environment for the small business owners, particularly those focused on technology.

Despite, the insane levels of corruption and it’s multiethnic setup, and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 sharp divide in socioeconomic status, India has found means to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 set its priorities right in ways that African nations can’t or yet to fathom.

@ Random African
Thank you Buy Hydrocodone 2009 for your insight. I agree with you on the transportation issue, but I don’t think reducing the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 solution to fixing the transportation problem is exactly the panacea…. This actually reminds me of the recent comments at Omodudu’s blog. Transportation is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 an important aspect of the equation, especially if one wants to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 deal with the issue of agriculture and food security. Also, are Buy Hydrocodone 2009 we thinking of agricultural produce for exportation? We should, at the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 same time, remember the protectionism of rich countries.

@Imnakoya
Actually, I tend to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 agree with you on the education bit. Yes, African countries need to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 work on educating their citizens. India became a hub for outsourced IT servicing jobs because there were educated people to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 take up the jobs when they became available. China too has Buy Hydrocodone 2009 invested – and continues to invest – a Buy Hydrocodone 2009 lot in technological development, even if it seems now that Buy Hydrocodone 2009 they copy more than they invent. But then, one cannot choose bits and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 pieces of countries to pay attention to; many of the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 problems are so linked together that it makes it difficult to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 determine what the entrance point should be.

errrr..

It goes far beyond agriculture, Lomnie. Manufacturing in China became profitable also because of lowest transport costs. And China invested billions in its transportation facilities, especially the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 ports. That is why the factories are on the coast and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 because China is now investing in the interior’s infrastructure, the activity spreading too. I mean what’s the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 point of taking advantage of cheap labour or cheap energy if you Buy Hydrocodone 2009 end up spending the money you just saved on transportation ?
Furthermore, if we’re talking about agriculture, no Buy Hydrocodone 2009 african country ever fulfilled its quota in APC treaties, so protectionism doesn’t have Buy Hydrocodone 2009 much to do with it and Zimbabwe managed to do quite good during the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 80′s, didnt it ?
You don’t even have Buy Hydrocodone 2009 to export produce. Agricultural growth can make the workforce cheaper (by reducing the price of food) or create a demand for other types of products (by increasing the disposable income for everything else).

the Indian story about education/devellopment is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 weird. they still lower literacy rates than most african countries and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 more hungry people than the whole continent. but somehow we’re fooled by the IT services.

Reading this Buy Hydrocodone 2009 post and the comments it elicited makes me want to research this Buy Hydrocodone 2009 issue.

I am Buy Hydrocodone 2009 sure someone has already done the research necessary to answer your Buy Hydrocodone 2009 question, Loomnie. Anyway, I passed this on to a couple people. Hopefully one of them will have Buy Hydrocodone 2009 some more insight to add to this good conversation…

Hi Loomnie,
It’s been Buy Hydrocodone 2009 a while. This is my first time on ur new site. I think it’s kool. I’m sure it Buy Hydrocodone 2009 offers more advanced features. You may want to read my new snippets of my NYSC experience in Ekiti, as a Buy Hydrocodone 2009 Lagos corps member. Check my blog, pls. Bye.

Ah, Chris, that’s where you are now. I hope you are having a nice time there! Many greetings from London!

searching for Buy Hydrocodone 2009 comparative advantages is a Herculean labour. it has to do with juggling relative and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 marginal costs both in the intra-economy and in the international system. alas, nobody can Buy Hydrocodone 2009 claim expertise in this area unless it is expertise of a Buy Hydrocodone 2009 purely theoretical sort. for instance, we need to assume perfect knowledge; we also need to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 presume that production in whatever environment results in homogenous commodities and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 that there is a taste everywhere for any commodity produced according to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 the dictates and principles of Ricardian comparative advantage. what is more, we forget also that Buy Hydrocodone 2009 comparative advantage is nothing without the ideological back-up of advertising hype, or Buy Hydrocodone 2009 that, for the strategic reasons of realpolitik, countries have seen it Buy Hydrocodone 2009 fit to maintain a tangible sense of self-sufficiency. african countries need to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 produce simple and short. they need to give a thought to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 what to produce and how to distribute. and as for those of them that Buy Hydrocodone 2009 are resource-dependent and/or Buy Hydrocodone 2009 are seeking to industrialize in a massive way, they need to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 know that production incurs destruction to the environment and depletion of resources in addition to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 some of its other unintended outcomes. the perennial problems for me are: the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 mindless exploitation of people for private profit and the denial of individual self-fulfilment by the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 politico-economic directorate.

someone on this Buy Hydrocodone 2009 forum has somewhat pu india in its place. so let me attempt to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 tackle the fascination that the dragon holds in the imaginings of many of us: it Buy Hydrocodone 2009 is impossible to finger the chinese ‘miracle’ as an Buy Hydrocodone 2009 expression of comparative advantage. unless in that special acceptation of the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 concept which dreams of establishing a Buy Hydrocodone 2009 utopia at the level of the international political economy without acknowledging that Buy Hydrocodone 2009 the benefits of so-called free trade are never equally distributed among nations and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 within nations. what then is china? it Buy Hydrocodone 2009 is capitalism developing along a trajectory that quickens the theoretical bones of supposedly dead good old marxism. tne paradox of it Buy Hydrocodone 2009 all is not lost on those of us who can humourize history. here is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 a communist-controlled society with a marxism that is a perfect political masque meant not at all to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 disguise authoritarianism but rather to amplify it and make it an Buy Hydrocodone 2009 obscene celebration of the proliferation of whips and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 the stock market. no doubt, there is production in china. but this Buy Hydrocodone 2009 would be nothing without the unscrupulousness of a regime that Buy Hydrocodone 2009 is bothered neither about the conditions of labour on the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 homefront nor about the character and social ethic and preoccupation of its external trading partners. at this Buy Hydrocodone 2009 juncture, we are beginning to immerse ourselves in the comparative advantages we are Buy Hydrocodone 2009 looking for. the level and amount of technology trained on production is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 always an important factor in these matters. but it requires an Buy Hydrocodone 2009 appropriate political directorate wielding a particular social philosophy to propel it Buy Hydrocodone 2009 the chinese way. the idea of comparative advantage is the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 dog-eat-dog policy of the international economy. but we are cajoled to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 participate in it in the belief that what is being promoted is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 free trade and a plenitude of global enjoyment. i think that Buy Hydrocodone 2009 we don’t need to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 cudgel our brains before we may formaulate a strategy for africa. let us start with this Buy Hydrocodone 2009 statement of the problem: how may africa (or any african country) thru the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 subterfuge of production and international trade hold its people and the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 rest of the world to economic ransom?

Maybe the problem is in looking for “comparative advantage.” The question might be better placed as, “which sustainable industries and activities can each African country support?” THe key word for me is, of course, ‘sustainable’. This is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 a green thought, but not entirely. The difference is in the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 objective. if the objective is to prosper, then all one has Buy Hydrocodone 2009 to do is well. As I recall, ‘comparative advantage’ requires balancing against another entity, and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 if that entity is already far ahead of the game in terms of infrastructure and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 other basics, there’s not a Buy Hydrocodone 2009 lot of point talking about competition. Rather, it makes sense (to me) to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 talk in terms of sustainability: what will contribute to future human survival within the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 region. Setting up requirements that such innovation be high tech is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 to miss the point. In terms of Africa, it seems to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 me that the issue is one of gaining control over the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 resources that exist and then using them to the benefit of the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 country. That’s not the objective of capitalism, but realistically, what’s the alternative?? Try looking at Canadian economist Mark Anielski’s The Economics of Happiness. I think this Buy Hydrocodone 2009 is the current cutting edge of where things might go in the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 West fairly soon.

If Ghana allows Nigeria to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 produce wool which they have enormous capability to produce, Nigeria will allow them the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 freedom to produce cocoa. Thereby enabling them to exchange and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 buy products from each other. African heads of state need a Buy Hydrocodone 2009 conference to confederate. Its lond overdue.

Africans and its leader have got to wake up. The world is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 moving on very fast lane and for us not to be Buy Hydrocodone 2009 left farther back than we are, we have to do something for Buy Hydrocodone 2009 ourselves.

First, Japan is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 an island but created a niche for itself. All they built was on water. who Buy Hydrocodone 2009 gave them the ideas, who helped them? Inward assessment and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 dedication to help improve themselves with what they have.

China, as a Buy Hydrocodone 2009 poor nation didnt wait for somebody to advise them before they go into isolation. closed their border and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 began their productions with materials sourced within. They didnt wait for Buy Hydrocodone 2009 any announcements before showcasing their products even when it was not perfect. Knowing that Buy Hydrocodone 2009 feedbacks from the market will give them the ideas they need for Buy Hydrocodone 2009 perfections.

African is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 endowed with great natural resources that can lead any nation to Buy Hydrocodone 2009 greatness if they choose. It looks like Africa is more in love with the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 beautiful life other continents have created for themselves and the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 junks coming with it that they just refused to look inward and Buy Hydrocodone 2009 do same.

Its time to say No to Imported products, No to dependency syndrome, No to Exploitation
If they have Buy Hydrocodone 2009 Equipment, We have the Raw materials, its time for trade by barter, give me what Buy Hydrocodone 2009 you have to get what i have.

Comparative advantage could be done in Africa. All african countries have Buy Hydrocodone 2009 what they know how to do well. Let the market be Buy Hydrocodone 2009 created with the looted monies from the treasuries. Bring back the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 monies and it could be made good use of here. Its the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 same money they use as loan to african countries through their world bank, so where Buy Hydrocodone 2009 are we? The same raw materials bought very cheap is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 used for the imported products which we in africa shamelessly go for. Who is Buy Hydrocodone 2009 fooling who?

We will not be Buy Hydrocodone 2009 removed from the planet if we decide as african to create our market where Buy Hydrocodone 2009 our products will be sold within ourselves. We have Buy Hydrocodone 2009 the manpower if not the superpower. This is war of the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 mind not of guns.

If China, India, japan can Buy Hydrocodone 2009 do it, Africans can also. Independence is the ultimate that will enable each country in africa have Buy Hydrocodone 2009 comparative advantage that will enable each nation to produce what they have Buy Hydrocodone 2009 manpower, materials and wherewithal to produce cheaply, instead of all the Buy Hydrocodone 2009 countries producing the same thing that have caused this confusion we found ourselves in.